Landfill gases, which include methane, carbon dioxide, and trace organic compounds, are a byproduct of decomposing organic waste and are continuously released from Robin Hood Bay landfill. These gases typically vent passively into the atmosphere. Under normal conditions, prevailing westerly winds carry the emissions away from residential areas, directing them toward the Atlantic Ocean. Higher wind speeds often help dilute these emissions, breaking up the odours before they reach populated areas. However, odour issues become significantly worse during specific weather patterns.

When conditions such as low atmospheric pressure, low cloud cover, dampness, and weak easterly winds occur simultaneously, the landfill gases are less likely to dissipate quickly. Instead, they escape more freely from the landfill and linger in the lower atmosphere. These conditions create an ideal environment for odours to travel toward the east end of the city, where higher population densities result in greater public exposure to the unpleasant smells.

The combination of these factors not only exacerbates the odour issue but also raises concerns about the environmental and health impacts of prolonged exposure to landfill gases. While the odours are the most noticeable symptom, they reflect the broader challenges of managing waste decomposition in a landfill environment, especially during adverse weather. Addressing these issues often requires active gas collection systems or odour control measures to mitigate the impact on nearby communities.